Brain · Involuntary responseAn earworm
A short passage of melody continues internally without a conscious decision.
Frequency: CommonBrain
Brain · Involuntary response
Brain · PerceptionMissing a major change
Even conspicuous changes can go unnoticed, especially when an interruption masks their visual change signals.
Frequency: Varies by individual
Brain · PerceptionThe invisible gorilla
People focused on a task sometimes do not consciously notice unexpected visible events.
Frequency: Varies by individual
Brain · PerceptionSmall feels heavy
Two objects of the same weight can feel different in weight when one is smaller.
Frequency: Varies by individual
Brain · PerceptionFaces in clouds
The visual system recognizes familiar patterns in random forms.
Frequency: Common
Brain · PerceptionDéjà vu
A new situation can briefly feel familiar even when no real memory can be found.
Frequency: Common
Brain · PerceptionThe familiar feels strange
A familiar word or situation can briefly seem strange; repeating a word can induce this in an experiment.
Frequency: Frequency unclear
Brain · PerceptionIt is on the tip of my tongue
You know that you know a word but temporarily cannot retrieve it.
Frequency: Common
Brain · PerceptionImages at the threshold of sleep
Brief images, voices, or bodily sensations can arise while falling asleep.
Frequency: Varies by individual
Brain · PerceptionLucid dreaming
During a dream, a person may realize that they are dreaming; some then report limited control.
Frequency: Varies by individual
Brain · Body soundSomniloquy
Sounds or intelligible words can occur during different stages of sleep.
Frequency: Varies by individual
Brain · Involuntary responseSleepwalking
During sleepwalking, a person performs complex movements while only partly awake.
Frequency: Varies by individual
Brain · Involuntary responseContagious yawning
Seeing or hearing a yawn can cause some people to yawn themselves.
Frequency: Varies by individual
Brain · PerceptionSynesthesia
In synesthesia, one stimulus reliably triggers an additional, unusual perception, such as seeing color with letters.
Frequency: Varies by individual
Brain · PerceptionBlindsight
After certain injuries to the visual cortex, people may respond to stimuli without consciously seeing them.
Frequency: Rare
Brain · PerceptionProsopagnosia
In prosopagnosia, recognizing familiar faces is severely impaired even though visual acuity may be normal.
Frequency: Varies by individual
Brain · PerceptionAphantasia
In aphantasia, conscious voluntary visual imagery is absent; knowledge and thinking remain possible.
Frequency: Varies by individualSurprisingly quiet here.
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